少男少女不懂正确使用避孕套

2001年7月26日 家庭医生医疗保健网

　　纽约路透社健康消息 最新研究发现，关于如何正确使用避孕套，美国的青少年懂得的比想象中的要少得多。在大多数情况下，男孩懂得的比女孩少。美国亚特兰大的疾病控制与预防中心的理查德·A·克罗斯比博士与印地安那大学的威廉·L·雅伯博士在近期《青少年卫生杂志》上合作发表了这项研究报告。

　　他们的研究对象包括超过16，000名15至21岁的青少年。其中接近半数承认曾经有过性交经历；三成人承认自已有四个或以上的性伴侣，但只有二成八的人报告曾经使用过避孕套。

　　即使青少年自认为已懂得这方面的知识，并且仍在接受着如何采取预防措施的教育，但仍不知道避孕套正确使用的方法。在青少年中最普遍的误解是：当使用避孕套时，最重要的是要令它非常合适地紧贴阴茎，在阴茎顶部不留空隙。在有性经历的青少年男女中超过三成的女性及大约四成的男性相信这种错误的说法。

　　另外，大约三分之一的青少年相信凡士林可以与避孕套同时使用；约五分之一的青少年相信生物材料(小羊皮)制造的避孕套比橡胶材料制造的避孕套更能提供防止艾滋病病毒的保护。其实，以上两种说法是错误的。

　　此外，作者还发现，男孩比女孩更容易接受这些错误的信息；处男和处女，即使那些认为自已相当清楚如何正确使用避孕套的人，比那些已经有了性经验的同伴更认同这些误解。

　　作者指出：年青人要想令让己有效地避免性传染病或艾滋病及怀孕，他们需要获得全面的预防知识。教育工作者不仅要教育学生使用避孕套防止性传染病及怀孕的重要性，还应教导他们正确的使用方法。

　　来源：《青少年健康杂志》2001；28：415-420

　　Some Teens Clueless on Correct Condom Use

　　NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - American teens may know a lot less than they think they know about correct condom use， according to recent study findings. And in most cases， males seem to know even less than females， researchers report.

　　"The adolescents of this study unknowingly had misconceptions，" according to Dr. Richard A. Crosby of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (news - web sites) in Atlanta， Georgia， and co-author Dr. William L. Yarber of Indiana University.

　　"Seemingly， prevention education should be provided even if the target audience believes it is already knowledgeable，" they write in the May issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health.

　　Their study group included more than 16，000 15 to 21 year olds， almost half of whom said that they had ever had sexual intercourse. Thirty percent of that group said they had had four or more partners， but only 28% reported ever using a condom.

　　The most widely held misconception among the youth was that "when putting on a condom， it is important to have it fit tightly， leaving no space at the tip，" the authors report. More than 30% of sexually experienced females and about 40% of sexually experienced males agreed with the statement， the report indicates.

　　In addition， about one third of the teens believed that Vaseline can be used with condoms， and about one fifth agreed with the statement that "natural skin (lambskin) condoms provide better protection against the AIDS (news - web sites) virus than latex condoms，" study findings show.

　　Further， the authors found that males were more likely than females to agree with such misconceptions.

　　"Seemingly， persons actually wearing the condom would be more knowledgeable about correct use； however， this study found the opposite to be true，" Crosby and Yarber write.

　　Male and female virgins， even those who considered themselves "quite knowledgeable" about correct condom use， were more likely than their sexually experienced peers to agree with the misconceptions， the report indicates.

　　"For young people to protect themselves adequately from STD/HIV (news - web sites) and pregnancy， they need complete prevention information，" the authors conclude. "Educators should not only inform students of the value of condom use in preventing STDs and pregnancy， but they should give correct use information，" they add.

　　SOURCE： Journal of Adolescent Health 2001；28：415-420.